so what happens if it doesn,t work?
You'll probably emit a bit more nitrogen oxides (NOx) than normal until the catalytic converters get up to temperature.
All the secondary air injection system does is pump some "oxygen" (air) into the exhaust stream to help with a more thorough combustion of the exhaust gases during typical cold start strategies where there is usually an excessively rich air/fuel mixture. This extra combustion process also sort of 'kick starts' the catalytic converters into their operating temperature range.
In and of itself, it's not a cure-all, end-all emissions system but more of a temporary and partial assist in the reduction of emissions. The vehicle will still start and run normally. At worst, you may detect a rich fuel smell from the exhaust on a cold start. Once the engine reaches operating temperature, the cats will likely be up to optimum temperature and the air/fuel mixture will lean out. Subsequently your emissions will be much less.