Hey Nates dad, no problem on the help! Thats what we're here for.....
I was going to say it couldn't be a Code 11 because you only mentioned 1 flash and a pause, and normally it wouldn't do a code 11 until AFTER the other codes came up.
Here are the possible causes for a P0189...
Possible Causes:
Fuel pressure. (need pressure reading)
Fuel injector. (not likely)
Air intake. (ignore for now)
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor. (probably dirty)
Fuel injector electrical circuit. (not likely)
Fuel filter. (changed already)
Vacuum. (listen for hissing)
Air filter. (check condition)
I HIGHLY recommend cleaning the MAF sensor, this is one of the most important sensors on the car concerning driveability issues and it is VERY sensitive to contamination. Looking over the diagnosing proceedures for this code, the MAF is the most likely cause, that and fuel pressure.
To clean the MAF, you need to remove the airbox, than remove the inside shield by prying with a small screw driver, than remove the 4 bolts securing it to the box. Now you can take a small Q-Tip with rubbing alcohol on it and VERY gently roll it around on the little element inside the MAF adapter. If you have access to a Torx(tamperproof) bit, you can remove the sensor and clean it better. Be very carefull with the sensor, it can bend easily. If the cleaning doesn't fix anything, and your fuel pressure checks out, you may have to bite the bullet and buy a new MAF sensor. Here is what the MAF adapter looks like..
Here is a link to show you how to remove the silencers later on....
http://mark8.org/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=15124&highlight=cold+air
Do you have access to a fuel pressure gauge, if so, check pressure as described above and run the car at idle. Check gauge and note the pressure. Now turn the car off and see how long it sits while holding that pressure...it should hold for awhile, if it doesn't than you have issues going on that will be affecting your hard start symptoms.
Replacing the O2 sensors will NOT fix ANY starting issues, and the reason you are getting the P0189 is because the O2 sensor is working properly. Its telling you that the left side(bank #2) isn't getting enough fuel, therefor running lean.
The TPS won't cause the P0189 code, and if it was going bad, it "should" throw a code. Also, a coolant temp sensor can cause funky stuff, but if you can check the temp with the scanner, and compare it to your gauge or a temp gun, you can verify its working properly.
Anyways.....check fuel pressure and let us know what you find.